Notes: Manufacturing Industries [Geography] : JKBOSE Class 10th
(A) Very short Answer type question
Q1. Fill in the blanks.
1. Manufacturing
2. Capital
3. Iron and steel
4. Public sector
5. Carpets.
(B) Short Answer type questions
Q2. (i) Define Manufacturing?
Ans. Manufacturing is defined as the processing of prin products into more refined and use able products is called Manufacturing.
Or
Manufacturing means transformation of natural material endowments into commodities of utility by processing assembling and repairing.
(ii). How is low material an important geographical factor in the location of an Industry?
Ans. it is the basic requirement of an Industry and hence determines its location e.g Industries which use heavy and bulky raw materials in their primary stage in large quantities are usually located near the supply of the raw material. On the other hand industry which use wide range of light raw material are often located with no reference to raw material.
(iii) Market is an important locational factor in the establishment of an industry. Explain?
Ans. It is the ultimate requirement of an industry and hence determines its location. The entire process of Manufacturing is useless until the finished goods reach the market. The availability of market near the industry results in quick disposal of finished goods. It also helps in reducing the transport cost. Thus making things available at cheaper rates.
(iv) Write a short note on cotton textile industry of India?
Ans. Indian Monopoly in the Manufacturing of cotton textile is very old. The first modern cotton textile mill was set up in 1818 at fort Glaster near Kolkata. But this mill could not service and had to be closed down. The first successful modern cotton textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854. The real expansion of cotton textile industry took place in 1870. In India about 16% of the industrial capital and over 20% of the industrial labour of the country is engaged in cotton textile. The total employment in this industry is over 1.5 million workers.
(V) Differentiate between private sector Industry and public sector industry?
Ans. Private Sector Industry: This term refers to industries owned by individuals or private companies rather than by the state. Examples include Bajaj Auto and TISCO.
Public Sector Industry: These industries are owned by the state and its agencies. Examples include the Bhilai Steel Plant and the Durgapur Steel Plant.
(VI) What are the Major industries regions of India and name five of them?
Ans. Industrial regions are those areas where concentration of industries has occurred due to favourable geo-economic conditions are known as industrial regions.
                                                          Or
The pockets having high concentration of industries are known as industrial regions.
The five major industrial regions in Indies are as under:
(i) Mumbai- Pune industrial region
(ii) Hoogli – industrial region.
(iii) Bangalore – Tamil, nadu industrial region
(iv) Gujarat industrial region.
(v) Chota Nagpur industrial region.
(vii) Write short note on handicrafts in Jammu and Kashmir?
Ans. handicrafts occupy an important position in J&K. the Handicraft from J&K has been in demand all over the world. The state Govt. has set up many training centres for coaching young boys and girls in traditional art and crafts. Some of the important handicrafts of Kashmir are as under.
(i) Carpets:- The art of making carpets is a gift of carvanas coming into the valley from central Asia. In the time of Zain-ul-Abdin Badshah.
(ii) Namdas:- Namdas are made up of wool of Inferior quality and old wollen bankets are used for making gabbas. This cottage industry is concentrated in Anantnag, Rainawari and Baramulla.
(iii) Lois:- (Wollenblankets) of Shopian and Bandipora are well known.
(iv) others:- Paper Mache, Pashmina Shaul, Kangri etc
Q3. (C) Match the following
(i) Mumbai – Capital intensive industry
(ii) Pune banglore – Information technology Industry (iii) Tisco & Reliance – Private sector industry
(iv) NPHC & ONGC – Public sector industry
(v) Amul-Co-operative sector industry
(D) Long Answer type question
Q4. What are the geographical Non- geographical factors which influence the location of an industry?
Ans. Geographical factors:
(i) Raw Material:- It is the basic requirement of an industry and hence determines its location eg industries which use heavy and bulky raw material in their primary stage in large quantities are usually located near the supply of the raw material. On the other hand which use wide range of light raw material are often located with no reference to raw material.
(ii) Power:- Regular supply of power is pre-requiste for the location of industries. Every industry for its functioning depends upon certain form of power eg, coal and electricity.
(iii) Labour:- It is yet another need of an industry some industries needed large amount of labour and preferred to be located in areas of plentiful labour.
(iv) Transport:- Transport is necessary to carry raw material towards the finished products from the industries. Most of the industries are located on transport functions like ports, Railway station.
(v) Market:- It is the ultimate requirement of an industry and hence determines its location. The entire process of manufacturing is useless until the finished goods reach the market.
(2) Non- Geographical factors:
(a) Capital:- Modern industries are capital intensive and require huge investments. Big cities like Mumbai, Kolkata etc are big industries centers because the big capitalists live in these cities.
(b) Banking facilities:- Establishment of industries involves daily exchange of crores of rupees which is possible through banking facilities only.
(c) Insurance:- There is a constant fear damage of machinery in industries for which insurance facilities are needed.
Q5. Highlight the importance of iron and steel industry in Indus? What are the factor influencing its location?
Ans. The iron and steel industry in India is very important for the development of the country.
Importance:
(i) iron is the backbone of the modern industry.
(ii) India has the 11th largest steel producing company in the world in 2013. With an annual crude steel capacity of 25.3 Million tonnes.
(iii) Tata steel has manufacturing operations in 26 countries and employes around 80500 people. (iv) India is the 5th largest producing country of steel.
(v) Iron and steel industry helps in the country economy.
(vii) Iron and steel industry is fast growing sector in Indies. That is why it helps in the country development.
Factors influencing the location:
There are number of factor which are responsible for the location of iron & steel industry. But some of them are as under.
(i) Raw material:- Iron and steel industries use bulky and heavy raw material so iron and steel industries are located near the raw material
(ii) Power energy:- They are needed large quantity of power so they are located near the coal fields to meet their power energy.
(iii) Water:- These industries needed large amount of water. So water is another factor responsible for the location of these industries.
(iv) Labours:- These industries are also needed large quantity of labours.
Q6. Discuss in detail the development distribution and importance of textile ndustry of India?
Ans. Textile is a broad term which includes cotton, Jute, wool, silk and synthetic fibre textile. Textile industry is one of the major contributors to the total output of the fast growing Indian industrial sector it contributes about 4% of total GDP it is one of the major source of foreign exchange it contributes about 16-17% of total export earnings. According to the statistics of united nations statistical division 2005 it was clear that during the entire 1990s. the average compounded grow rate of clothing item export was more or less 13% textile industries contributes about 14% of the total Manufacturing sector. During the 2006-2007 Indian textile industry is quite significant with an increase 97 10.53% Finance.
Importance:
(i) Textile industry in India occupies an important place in the economy.
(ii) It contributes about 4% of the gross domestic products and accounts about 17% of total exports.
(iii) it is the largest employment provider after agriculture more than 82 million people.
(iv) It contributes about 16-17% of foreign exchange.
Q7. Discuss in detail the wth and importance of petroleum industry in India
Ans. The word petroleum has been derived from the latin word petra means rock and oleam means oil it is also called minerals oil and also called ‘Black gold’.
Growth:- This industry playing a major part in the growth of the economy and the development of the Manufacturing sector. The first oil deposits in India were discovered in 1889 near the town of digboi in the state of Assam. This discovery came on the heels of industrial development. The first well was completed in 1890 and the Assam oil company was established in 1899 to oversee production. Mumbai high produces about 62.27% Gujarat 20.06% Assam 16.49% T.N 1.04%
Importance:
(i) It is used as a fuel and has changed the transportation system on land, Air as well on water.
(ii) Plastic and oil based paints are manufactured from the petro chemicals.
(iii) The products of petroleum is also used for making synthetic rubber.
(iv) Petro chemical glycerin is used for making detergents.
(v) It emits very little smoke and leaves no ask.
(vi) It provides the most important lubricating agents, which are used in different industries.