Notes: JKBOSE Class 10th English Chapter 1Footprints without Feet

Chapter 1: “Footprints without Feet” – Easy Hinglish Summary

Main Takeaway: Ek ambitious scientist, Dr. Griffin, ne invisibility par research kiya aur ek din khud gaayab ho gaya. Uski kahani unethical experiments, crime aur guilt ke beech ki psychological journey dikhati hai.

Kahani Ka Background

Dr. Griffin ek brilliant physicist tha jo “invisibility” ka formula dhoondne mein laga hua tha. Usne apni discovery duniya se chhupa ke rakhi, kyunki vo samajhta tha ki aise power se bahut bura ho sakta hai.

Key Events (Kahani Ka Karyakram)

1. Invisibility ka Formula
   • Griffin ne ek rasayan banaya jo padhne par sharir ko transparent bana deta tha.
   • Usne khud pe test kiya aur apni poori body invisible kar li.
2. Pehla Shock
   • Ek barber shop jaate waqt Griffin ne dekha ki log usse ignore kar rahe hain, kyunki koi invisible cheez wahan nahin dekh pa raha.
   • Uski coat, hat aur boots dikhti thi, lekin andar wala banda nahi.
3. First Crimes
   • Griffin ne kuch chori ki: ek posh mansion se coat aur hat churaye, phir ek jewelry shop me ghus kar chori ki.
   • Police befikar thi kyunki koi footprints ya footprints ke bina hi kuch evidence milna mushkil tha.
4. Dr. Kemp se Judav
   • Dr. Kemp, ek purana dost, ko Griffin ne apni kahani batayi.
   • Kemp ne moral grounds par mana kiya, lekin Griffin ne forcefully apni lab details share ki.
5. Betrayal & Finale
   • Griffin ne Kemp ko lock-up karke bhaga diya, lekin badle mein Kemp ne police ko inform kiya.
   • Jab Griffin wapas aaya, to uski invisibility kam hoti gayi, aur akhirkar police ne usse pakad liya.

Themes aur Messages

• Ethics in Science: Jab scientists apni discoveries sirf power ke liye use karte hain, to consequences khatarnaak hote hain.
• Isolation & Guilt: Invisible hone ki wajah se Griffin duniyaa se alag ho gaya, jisne uski sanity affect ki.
• Responsibility: Har discovery ke saath responsibility bhi aati hai—use galat haathon se bachana chahiye.

Conclusion:
“Footprints without Feet” ek thrilling story hai jo reader ko invisibility ke scientific aur moral dimensions par sochne par majboor karti hai. Hinglish mein summary se samajh aata hai ki power ke saath responsibility aur ethics zaroori hain.

Question Answers

Q1. How would you assess Griffin as a scientist?
A. Griffin was brilliant and innovative but unethical and reckless—his obsession with invisibility led him to ignore moral boundaries and misuse his discovery.

Q2. The two boys in London were surprised and fascinated. Why?
A. They saw a man’s clothes—coat, hat, gloves, and boots—moving as if worn by no one, because the man inside was invisible.

Q3. What did Griffin do inside the shop?
A. He tried on and stole a new coat, hat, and gloves, all without being seen, then paid with banknotes and walked invisibly out.

Q4. How did Griffin escape from the London store?
A. He signed the receipt, left it on the counter, and vanished in the crowd while wearing his stolen clothes.

Q5. Griffin entered the shop of a theatrical company. What did he do there?
A. He slipped into the costume room, tried on stage outfits—royal robes, crowns—and then returned them before leaving invisibly.

Q6. Why was the arrival of the stranger in a village inn an unusual event? Give two reasons.
A.

1. He appeared completely invisible under his clothes.
2. He carried no luggage and made no noise entering the inn.

Q7. How did the scientist look when he came to the inn?
A. He was dressed in coat, hat, and boots that seemed to float in midair; the man himself could not be seen.

Q8. The landlord’s wife was convinced that Griffin was ‘an eccentric scientist’. What made her think of Griffin in these terms?
A. He spoke of complex experiments and scientific instruments, refused to explain himself, and behaved oddly—implying scientific obsession.

Q9. What was ‘the curious episode’ that took place in the clergyman’s study?
A. Griffin, invisible, rifled the clergyman’s papers and sermon notes, then vanished, leaving the room in disarray.

Q10. The landlord and his wife were surprised to see the scientist’s door wide open. Why were they surprised? What three extraordinary things happened in the room?
A. They believed he was securely locked inside. Inside:

1. A chair rocked by itself.
2. Books flew from the shelves.
3. The table tilted and clattered.

Q11. Mrs. Hall almost fell down the stairs in hysterics. Pick out an example of humour from what follows this incident.
A. As she screamed and ran, her cap flew off and Griffin, invisible, caught and cheekily tossed it back, startling her further.

Q12. The scientist was furious. What did he do in anger? Why were the people in the bar horrified?
A. He flung coats and boots across the room; they heard smashing of furniture and saw clothes flying with no person guiding them.

Q13. What happened to the constable?
A. The constable tried to seize Griffin’s hat and coat but found nothing—he ended up chasing floating clothes in confusion and embarrassment.

Q14. The scientist was a man of ‘irritable temper’. Give an example to prove this.
A. When Mrs. Hall questioned him, he angrily smashed her crockery invisibly, scattering fragments across the floor.

Language Work

(A) You have been asked to inform students of class IX to XII about an Inter-School Debate on ‘Aliens can invade the Earth’. Draft a notice in 50 words to be put on the school notice board with all necessary details

Solution:

Notice

All students of Classes IX–XII are invited to participate in the Inter-School Debate on “Aliens Can Invade the Earth.”
Date: 15 August 2025
Time: 10:00 AM–12:00 PM
Venue: School Auditorium
Register your teams (2 speakers per team) by 10 August with the Activity Coordinator.
– Principal

B. Punctuation

1. Capital letters

Use a capital letter to start

Names, special names, titles, places, days of weeks, months, holidays, special days, languages, religions, nations, books, films, etc.

Note: No capitals for the seasons as spring, autumn, summer, winter.

2. Full Stop (.)

Put the full stop at the end of every statement (Declarative) sentence; as,

First prize was two tickets to Switzerland. It was won by Mr Rahim of Chanapora.

NOTE: The full stop is not generally used, if the abbreviation ends with the same letter as the full word, e.g. Doctor (Dr), Mister (Mr), Misses (Mrs), etc

Solution:

B. Punctuation

Capital Letters
– Use a capital letter at the start of proper names and titles:

People’s names (e.g., Rahim)

Special names and titles (e.g., Dr, Mr, Mrs)

Places (e.g., Switzerland, Chanapora)

Days of the week (e.g., Monday) and months (e.g., August)

Holidays and special days (e.g., Diwali, Independence Day)
– Languages and religions (e.g., English, Hinduism)
– Nationalities and nations (e.g., Indian, Japan)
– Titles of books, films, newspapers, etc. (e.g., Hamlet, The Times of India)
– Do not capitalize seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter.

Full Stop (.)
– Place a full stop at the end of every declarative (statement) sentence:
“First prize was two tickets to Switzerland.”
“It was won by Mr Rahim of Chanapora.”
– Do not add an extra full stop to abbreviations that end in the same letter as the full word:
– Doctor → Dr
– Mister → Mr
– Misses → Mrs

3. Interrogatory or Question Mark (?)

Jab aap kisi sawal wale vaakya ka ant karte ho, to uske aakhri me Question Mark (?) lagate ho. Ye batata hai ki ye ek prashn (sawal) hai, na ki koi statement.

Udaharan: “Tum kal school jaoge?”

“Aaj mausam kaisa hai?”

Yaad rakho:  Question Mark ke saath Full Stop (.) mat lagana.

Sawaal puchne wale shabd (kaun, kya, kahan, kab, kyon, kaise) se shuru hone wale vaakya me hamesha (?) lagega.

4. Exclamation or Exclamatory Mark (!)

Jab aap apni baat mein bahut zyada jazba dikhana chahte ho—khushi, hairani, gussa, ya dar—tab vaakya ke aakhri me exclamation mark (!) lagate ho.

Udaharan: John! Ab ruk jao!

1. Kitni khoobsurat phool hai!
2. Arey, kitna tez bijli chamki!
3. Mujhe jeet kar bahut khushi hui!

5. Comma ( , )

Comma ka istemal vaakyon mein thoda rukavt dikhane ke liye hota hai, jisse padhne wala jawab-chinh (“pause”) le sake.

Kab lagate hain comma?

1. Item ya list mein: Jab aap ek jaankari list bata rahe ho.
   – Main bazaar se apples, bananas, oranges, aur grapes laaya.
2. Do independent clauses jodne ke baad conjunction ke aage:
   – Main paani peeta hoon, aur tum chai pite ho.
3. Introductory words/phrases ke baad:
   – Haan, mujhe kal free hoon.
   – Waise, tumhara plan kya hai?
4. Non-essential information alag karne ke liye:
   – Ram, jo mere padosi hain, kal party me aa rahe hain.
5. Coordinate adjectives ke beech (jab dono adjectives barabar describe karte hain):
   – Vo ek khubsurat, pyari ladki hai.

Yaad rahe, comma ke baad ek space chahiye, na ki comma ke pehle.

6. Apostrophe_(‘)

Apostrophe do kaamon mein aata hai:

1. Possession (Maliki): Kisi cheez ka malik dikhane ke liye
   – Rohan’s book (Rohan ki kitaab)
   – The cat’s tail (Billi ki poonch)
2. Contraction (Sankuchan): Do shabdon ko jod kar kuch letters chhupane ke liye
   – do not → don’t (do not ka sankuchit roop)
   – I am → I’m (I am ka sankuchit roop)
   – he is → he’s

Yaad rakho:

• Possession mein apostrophe + s (‘s) lagta hai.
• Agar singular noun pehle se s se khatam hota hai, tab bhi ‘s lagao: James’s pen.
• Plural nouns (jo s pe khatam hote hain): sirf apostrophe (s) ke bina: students’ books.

7. Dash ( – )

Dash ek lamba rukavt dikhata hai aur vaakya mein extra emphasis ya supplementary information dene ke liye use hota hai.

Kab lagate hain dash?

1. Additional info insert karne ke liye:
   – Rohan – jo meri class ka sabse tez vidyarthi hai – hamesha first aata hai.
2. Sudden break ya interruption dikhane ke liye:
   – Main kal – ya shayad parson – Shimla jaaunga.
3. Range ya span dikhane ke liye (numbers, dates):
   – School 8:00 AM – 2:00 PM khula rehta hai.
   – Pages 10 – 20 padh lo.

Tip: Dash ke pehle aur baad ek space chhodo, taki ye comma ya semicolon se alag dikhe.

1. Quotation marks (“”) and Under Lining (__)

8. Quotation Marks (“ ”)
– Jab aap kisi ke bole hue shabd (direct speech), dialog, ya kisi phrase ko highlight karna chahte ho, to uske aage-piche double quotes lagate ho.

• He said, “Main kal aaunga.”
• Teacher ne pucha, “Tumhara naam kya hai?”
  – Titles of short works (poems, articles, short stories) ke liye bhi quotes use kar sakte ho:
• “The Road Not Taken” kavita.

9. Underlining (__)
– Jab aap kisi word ya phrase ko emphasize karna chahte ho jab aap type nahi kar rahe (handwritten ya typewriter era mein).

• Important Notice
• Chapter 1: Footprints Without Feet
  – Aaj kal emphasis ke liye italics ya bold use karna zyada common hai, par exam ke handwritten answers me underlining chalega.

1. Bracket () or Paranthesis

10. Brackets ( ) ya Parentheses

Brackets ya parentheses ka use extra information, clarification, ya example dene ke liye hota hai, jo main sentence ka part na ho.

– Jab aap kisi word ya phrase ko expand karna chahein:

• Sheila (my best friend) scored highest marks.
  – Yahan “my best friend” extra info hai.

– Jab aap abbreviation ke full form pehla bar likh rahe ho:

• WHO (World Health Organization) ek global body hai.

– Jab aap list me sub-items dena chahein:

1. Fruits (a) apple (b) banana (c) mango

Yaad rakho:

1. Brackets me likha text sentence ka part hota hai, par uske bina sentence clear hota hai.
2. Brackets ke baad sentence ka punctuation (full stop, comma) sentence ke end wale punctuation jaisa hi rahega.

10. Colon ( : )

Colon ka use tab hota hai jab aap kisi list, explanation, ya example se pehle reader ki attention akarshit karna chahte ho.

Kab lagate hain colon?

1. List shuru karne se pehle:
   – Shopping list: apples, bananas, oranges, grapes.
2. Example ya explanation se pehle:
   – Usne ek cheez pe focus kiya: punctuality.
3. Quotation se pehle (formal):
   – Usne kaha: “Mehnat ka phal meetha hota hai.”
4. Time dikhane mein:
   – Class shuru hogi 9:30 AM: sharp!

Tip: Colon ke baad ek space chhodo, phir shabd shuru karo.

11. Semi-Colon ( ; )

Semi-colon do independent clauses ko jodne ke liye istemal hota hai jab aap full stop kamzor aur comma se strong rukavt dikhana chahte ho.

Kab lagate hain semi-colon?

1. Do related statements jodne ke liye (without conjunction):
   – Main pehli baar Goa gaya; wahan ka mausam kamal ka tha.
2. List me complex items ko alag karne ke liye (jab items me commas already ho):
   – Meeting me attendees the: Rohan, class X; Seema, class XI; aur Aman, class XII.

Tip: Semi-colon ke baad ek space chhodo, phir next clause shuru karo.

12. Hyphen (-)

Hyphen chhote chhote words ko jodne ke liye use hota hai, jab ek combined adjective ya compound word banta hai.

Kab lagate hain hyphen?

1. Compound adjectives me (jab adjective do ya usse zyada shabdon se bana ho aur noun se pehle aaye):
   – A well-known author
   – A ten-year-old child
2. Compound nouns me (kuch shabd hamesha hyphen se hi jude hote hain):
   – Mother-in-law
   – Editor-in-chief
3. Word break pe (jab line end par word ko todna pade, par ye handwritten/typing me rare hai):
   – Examina-tion

Note: Hyphen (-) chhota hota hai; dash (–) lamba hota hai aur rukavt ya emphasis ke liye hota hai.

13. Ellipsis ( … )

Ellipsis teen dots (…) ka ek saath istemal hota hai jab:

1. Kisi baat me rukavt ya soch ka gap dikhana ho:
   – “Main ja raha hoon… par pehle kuch sochta hoon.”
2. Text me kuch part chhoda gaya ho (omission):
   – Original: “He went to the market, bought apples, bananas, and oranges.”
   – With omission: “He went to the market… and oranges.”
3. Suspense ya emotion create karne ke liye:
   – “Aur phir… kuch ajeeb hua.”

Tip: Ellipsis ke baad agar sentence complete ho raha ho to ek full stop nahi lagate; teeno dots hi kaafi hote hain.

14. Slash ya Oblique (/)

Slash ek diagonal line (/) hoti hai, jo kuch khaas situations mein use hoti hai:

1. Alternatives dikhane ke liye:
   – “and/or” (aur ya)
   – “he/she” (vo/vo)
2. Dates ya fractions likhne mein:
   – 12/08/2025
   – 3/4 (three-fourths)
3. Poetry lines ya URLs me:
   – “Roses are red, / Violets are blue.”
   – www.example.com/page1/page2
4. Measurements dikhane mein (rare handwritten):
   – 5 km/h (kilometres per hour)

Tip: Slash ke aage-peeche space nahi hoti, jab tak alag formatting ki zaroorat na ho.

Punctuate the Following:

a) one day walking together up the hill i said to Rahim do you not wish yourself in your own country again yes he said. what would you do there said i would you turn wild and eat mens flesh again. He looked full of concern and shaking his head, said no.

b) welcome he said, be seated now tell me what brings you here at this late hour. I came to consult you on an important matter, said the visitor. Can I confide you, yes certainly, replied he.

c) good morning boys said the mother there is some news for you today guess what it is I know mother said jack you are going to take us all up to London for a treat no answered their mother you are quite wrong but it is something about going all the same heres a letter from your uncle inviting you and tom to go and spend a month of your holidays with your cousin how would you boys like to stay on a farm please mother do let us go they cried it would be fun to stay on a farm.

d) your son is certainly a boy of ability said the headmaster but it all depends upon you whether he is to do well at school what an extraordinary statement said the father how can his progress possibly depend upon me you can see replied the headmaster that he does his homework carefully oh yes said the father I can at least do that much.

Solution:

a) One day, walking together up the hill, I said to Rahim, “Do you not wish yourself in your own country again?”
“Yes,” he said.
“What would you do there?” said I. “Would you turn wild and eat men’s flesh again?”
He looked full of concern and, shaking his head, said, “No.”

b) “Welcome,” he said. “Be seated. Now, tell me, what brings you here at this late hour?”
“I came to consult you on an important matter,” said the visitor.
“Can I confide in you?”
“Yes, certainly,” replied he.

c) “Good morning, boys,” said the mother. “There is some news for you today. Guess what it is.”
“I know, mother,” said Jack. “You are going to take us all up to London for a treat.”
“No,” answered their mother, “you are quite wrong, but it is something about going all the same. Here’s a letter from your uncle inviting you and Tom to go and spend a month of your holidays with your cousin. How would you boys like to stay on a farm?”
“Please, mother, do let us go,” they cried. “It would be fun to stay on a farm.”

d) “Your son is certainly a boy of ability,” said the headmaster, “but it all depends upon you whether he is to do well at school.”
“What an extraordinary statement,” said the father. “How can his progress possibly depend upon me?”
“You can see,” replied the headmaster, “that he does his homework carefully.”
“Oh yes,” said the father, “I can at least do that much.”